R-W-C Policy

Retraction, Withdrawal, and Correction Policy

Mosharafa is committed to maintaining the integrity, transparency, and reliability of the scholarly record. The journal follows internationally recognized publication ethics principles and, where applicable, the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) in handling retractions, withdrawals, and corrections.

Retraction Policy

Retraction is a mechanism for correcting the scholarly record and alerting readers to publications that contain seriously flawed, unreliable, or unethical content. A retraction may be initiated by the authors, editors, or publisher following a thorough investigation.

An article may be retracted for reasons including, but not limited to:

  • Evidence of data fabrication, falsification, or significant errors that invalidate the findings or conclusions.

  • Plagiarism or substantial unattributed overlap with previously published work.

  • Duplicate or redundant publication.

  • Unethical research practices or violations of publication ethics.

  • Manipulation of the peer-review process.

  • Copyright infringement or unauthorized use of data, materials, or intellectual property.

  • Failure to disclose significant conflicts of interest that may affect the integrity of the publication.

Retracted articles will remain accessible on the journal website to preserve the scholarly record but will be clearly identified as retracted.

Withdrawal Policy

Authors may request withdrawal of a manuscript before it is formally accepted for publication. Requests for withdrawal must be submitted in writing by the corresponding author and must include the reason for the request.

If the manuscript is already under peer review, the withdrawal request must be approved by the Editor. The Editorial Team reserves the right to reject withdrawal requests when substantial editorial and peer-review resources have already been invested in the manuscript.

Once an article has been accepted for publication, withdrawal requests will only be considered under exceptional circumstances and in accordance with publication ethics standards.

Published articles cannot normally be withdrawn and may instead be corrected or retracted when necessary.

Correction Policy

Mosharafa recognizes that errors may occasionally be identified after publication. When such errors do not invalidate the overall findings of the work, a correction may be issued to maintain the accuracy of the scholarly record.

Corrections may include:

Publisher Correction (Erratum)

Issued when a significant error is introduced during the editorial, production, or publication process by the journal.

Author Correction (Corrigendum)

Issued when a significant error is identified by the author(s) after publication that affects the accuracy, clarity, or completeness of the article but does not invalidate its main findings.

Addendum

Issued when additional information is necessary to clarify, update, or complement the published article.

The Editor will evaluate all requests for corrections and determine the appropriate course of action. Where necessary, the Editorial Team may consult reviewers, editorial board members, or relevant experts before making a final decision.

Editorial Responsibility

All requests and decisions concerning retractions, withdrawals, and corrections are handled on a case-by-case basis. The Editor-in-Chief has the final authority to determine the appropriate action, guided by publication ethics principles, journal policies, and the integrity of the scholarly record.