Education between heritage and innovation: comparative study of historical villages in Indonesia

Abstract

This research investigates the dynamics of education and cultural transmission in two historical villages: Kampung Pulo and Candi Cangkuang. They are located in the city of Garut—a small, vibrant city in West Java. Through qualitative methods, this study collected data by interviewing one participant who had a great deal of knowledge about it. The results show a unique integration of traditional values and modern adaptations in education and culture at both sites. Candi Cangkuang, a Hindu site rediscovered in 1966 by Drs. Uka Candrasasmita, reflects the rich Hindu history of the area. Its history is closely connected to the tomb of Arief Muhammad, an important figure in the spread of Islam in Kampung Pulo in the 17th century. Kampung Pulo, known for its matrilineal customary house and strict settlement policy, illustrates the symbiosis between Islamic customs and Hindu influences, reflected in religious and social practices. The research also reveals how informal education in both locations plays a crucial role in preserving cultural heritage while encouraging innovation and adaptation. This includes the maintenance of traditional social structures, such as the matrilineal system in Kampung Pulo, and the integration of Hindu cultural practices in Islamic environments. In conclusion, Kampung Pulo and Candi Cangkuang offer valuable insights into how education and cultural heritage can reinforce each other in the context of a changing society. This study highlights the importance of maintaining local wisdom while accepting change and innovation, as part of a sustainable education process.