Transpotition Didactic Design in Mathematics Learning: A Hermeneutic Phenomenology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31980/mosharafa.v13i4.1951Keywords:
transposisi didaktis, kesulitan belajar siswa, fenomena heurmeneutik, transpotition didactic, learning obstacles, hermeneutic phenomenologyAbstract
Abstrak
Meskipun banyak penelitian telah mengeksplorasi pentingnya pecahan dalam kurikulum sekolah dasar, penelitian mengenai topik ini di tingkat sekolah menengah pertama masih terbatas, terutama dalam mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penyebab kesulitan belajar siswa dan merancang pendekatan alternatif untuk mengatasi tantangan tersebut. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki kedua aspek tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah fenomenologi hermeneutik. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa SMPN 1 Narmada Lombok Barat yang terdiri dari 29 siswa kelas VIII. Peneliti berperan sebagai instrumen utama yang didukung dengan beberapa alat seperti tes operasi pecahan, pedoman wawancara mendalam. Temuan penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa rendahnya kemampuan siswa dalam mengoperasikan bilangan bulat, khususnya perkalian dan pembagian, merupakan faktor utama kesulitan belajar. Rancangan didaktis terdiri dari 3 tahap. Tahap pertama meliputi beberapa kegiatan yaitu Ayo Tebak dan Ayo Baca. Tahap kedua meliputi kegiatan-kegiatan seperti Mari Mencari, Mari Berdiskusi, dan Mari Menyimpulkan. Tahap ketiga terdiri dari kegiatan Ayo Latihan dan Refleksi Diri. Tahapan ini dikembangkan untuk memperkuat pemahaman terhadap prasyarat tersebut melalui kegiatan yang melibatkan penentuan kelipatan persekutuan terkecil dan faktor persekutuan terbesar. Sebagai rekomendasi, penelitian ini menyarankan agar guru matematika mengadopsi berbagai situasi didaktik berbasis masalah dalam pembelajaran pecahan.
Abstract
Although numerous studies have explored the role of fractions in the elementary school curriculum, research at the junior high school level remains limited, especially in identifying factors contributing to students' learning difficulties and developing alternative instructional approaches to address these challenges. This study aimed to examine both aspects. A hermeneutic phenomenology method was employed, with participants consisting of 29 eighth-grade students from SMPN 1 Narmada in West Lombok. The researcher acted as the primary instrument, supported by tools such as fraction operation tests and in-depth interview guidelines. The findings indicated that students’ difficulties stemmed primarily from their weak understanding of integer operations, particularly multiplication and division. To address this, a three-stage didactic design was implemented. The first stage included activities like "Let’s Guess" and "Let’s Read." The second stage incorporated "Let’s Search," "Let’s Discuss," and "Let’s Conclude." The final stage consisted of "Let’s Practice" and "Self-Reflection." These stages were designed to strengthen prerequisite knowledge through exercises on determining the least common multiple and greatest common factor. The study recommends that mathematics teachers integrate problem-based didactic strategies into fraction instruction.
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