Additive vs Multiplikatif Thinking: An Exploration of Middle School Students’ Proportional Reasoning Ability in Rural Indonesian Context
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31980/mosharafa.v14i4.3538Keywords:
ratio, proportion, mathematics ability, proportional reasoning, Belitang, kemampuan matematika, penalaran proporsional, proporsi, rasioAbstract
Kemampuan penalaran proporsional sangat penting untuk memahami berbagai materi matematika dan menjadi tujuan utama di kurikulum sekolah dasar dan menengah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kemampuan siswa SMP dalam bernalar proporsional dalam konteks pedesaan Indonesia. Penelitian kualitatif ini dilakukan pada 33 siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Belitang dengan menggunakan tes uraian rasio dan proporsi yang mencakup seluruh indikator penalaran proporsional. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan siswa dalam bernalar proporsional masih rendah, ditandai dengan tingkat kesalahan menjawab soal lebih dari 87%. Sebagian besar kesalahan terjadi karena siswa menggunakan strategi aditif, bukan strategi multiplikatif yang benar. Temuan ini menunjukkan perlunya peningkatan pembelajaran matematika yang mendukung pengembangan penalaran proporsional, misalnya dengan mengintegrasikan konteks nyata dan aktivitas yang mendorong siswa memahami hubungan multiplikatif secara lebih mendalam.
Proportional reasoning is essential for understanding various mathematical topics and is a key goal in primary and secondary school curricula. Aims of this research is to identify middle school students' proportional reasoning in rural Indonesia context. This qualitative research was conducted with 33 seventh-grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Belitang using a descriptive test on ratio and proportion that covered all indicators of proportional reasoning. The results show that students’ proportional reasoning abilities are still low, with error rates exceeding 87%. Most errors occurred because students used additive strategies instead of the appropriate multiplicative strategies. These findings indicate the need to strengthen mathematics instruction to support the development of proportional reasoning, such as integrating realistic contexts and learning activities that help students better understand multiplicative relationships.
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